Station HYPO

The history of communication intelligence (COMINT) operations on Guam began in March 1929 with the establishment of a one-man intercept station. The first operator arrived from the recently closed Shanghai intercept site. Although the Navy Security Group (NSG) had planned to establish a station on Guam as early as June 23, 1926, those plans were never implemented, and a 1928 outline of a proposed wartime COMINT network made no mention of the island.

The initial intercept facility was set up in Building 62 on the palace grounds of the U.S. Naval Station in Agana, later relocated to Building 84 between December 20, 1932, and January 5, 1933. The unit’s manpower grew with the arrival of seven graduates from the Navy’s first radio intelligence training program in Washington, D.C.—the renowned On-the-Roof Gang. The Guam station achieved notable success during Japanese fleet maneuvers in 1929 and 1930, earning a commendation from the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) on March 5, 1932, for its diligence and initiative.

Despite this recognition, budget constraints in 1932 may have forced the CNO to reduce Guam’s operations to a minimum, shifting much of its coverage to Hawaii. However, this reduction likely never occurred, given the commendation and continued activity that followed.

Relocation and Expansion (1933–1941)

In 1933 or 1934, the intercept site was moved from the Naval Station to an abandoned tuberculosis hospital on a hill outside Agana, where it remained until its eventual relocation to Libugon. Following an inspection by the Commander-in-Chief, Asiatic Fleet on October 11, 1934, it was recommended that the facility be transferred to an abandoned Navy radio station at Libugon, located four miles from Agana.

The Libugon site had been established in 1917 as part of the Navy’s Trans-Pacific High Power (Arc) communications circuit. A low-power high-frequency transmitter was added in 1927, but the site was closed in March 1932 as a cost-saving measure. The intercept facility was officially transferred from Agana to Libugon on October 11, 1934, where it operated until 1941, when it was captured by Japanese forces during the opening phase of World War II.

In 1935, the Bureau of Engineering proposed relocating the intercept site back to Agana to reduce costs, but the CNO intervened, affirming Guam’s growing importance in the Navy’s expanding COMINT network.

During this period, Guam’s intercept equipment was largely composed of obsolete or surplus gear from other stations such as Cavite. The USS Gold Star (AK-12) delivered an RF receiver in October 1934, three Kana typewriters (RIP-5) in December 1936, and recording equipment in March 1938.

By 1940, personnel strength had increased to ten men, with a request for four additional billets denied in January 1940. As the U.S. approached World War II, Station B operated with just eight personnel, led by Chief Radioman (CRM) D. W. Barnum, who relieved CRM J. W. Pearson on September 21, 1941. RM2 D. L. McCune reported for duty the following month.

Capture and Destruction of Materials (1941)

On December 4, 1941, the Office of Naval Operations (OPNAV) ordered the destruction of all classified materials except those essential to operations. According to wartime records, contact with Guam was lost on December 8, 1941, and all eight intercept operators were taken prisoner by Japanese forces. A postwar memorandum from OP-20G commended the crew for successfully destroying all classified material before capture.

Personnel at the time of capture were:

CRM D. W. Barnum – Radioman-in-Charge
RM1 M. T. Smith (advanced to CRM, papers not yet received)
RM1 R. R. Ellis
RM2 S. T. Faulkner
RM2 E. J. Dullard
RM2 R. G. Parr
RM2 H. E. Joslin
RM2 D. L. McCune

Direction-Finding Development

Requests to install direction-finding (DF) equipment on Guam date back to June 22, 1935. Although initial site inspections were conducted the following month, little progress was made until 1937, when an XAB-RAB-2 rotating Adcock-type HFDF system—developed by the Naval Research Laboratory—was shipped to Guam. Commissioned in July 1937, it became the Navy’s second intelligence DF site, following Cavite in the Philippines.

A newer Gordon Adcock rotating antenna (DT) arrived aboard USS Chaumont (AP-5) on October 18, 1938, replacing the earlier XAB-RAB-2 system, which was returned to Cavite via USS Canopus (AS-5).

A powerful typhoon on November 3, 1940, destroyed the DT system, but Guam quickly recovered. Replacement DF systems (models DT, DR, and later DY-1) arrived from Shanghai and were operational by late 1940, with full installation completed in mid-1941.

Chief Radiomen-in-Charge, Station B:

CRM J. Goldstein – Oct 1929 – ?
CRM M. W. Hyon – Jun 1932 – ?
CRM Antone Novack – Jan 1938 – Jul 1939
CRM J. W. Pearson – Jul 1939 – Sep 21, 1941
CRM D. W. Barnum – Sep 21, 1941 – Dec 1941

Post–World War II Developments

Following World War II, Guam underwent extensive reconstruction. The capital city, Agana, had been completely destroyed during the conflict. From 1944 to 1949, U.S. naval officers serving as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Marianas (COMNAVMARIANAS) also held administrative duties as governors of Guam and nearby Pacific territories.

The Organic Act of Guam, enacted on August 1, 1950, transferred the island’s administration from the U.S. Navy to the Department of the Interior, designating Guam as an unincorporated U.S. territory. The island also became the headquarters for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

From 1944 to March 29, 1952, Naval Station Guam functioned as a Naval Operations Base (NOB) providing full fleet support. In September 1956, the base was disestablished and reassigned under the military command of COMNAVMARIANAS.

In 1954, the Naval Communications Station (NCS) Finnegayan was established. Formerly known as Station Able and COMSEC Unit #701, it was redesignated as the Naval Security Group Department, NCS Finnegayan. The facility operated a high-frequency direction-finding (HFDF) network and provided communication and cryptologic support to the Navy and other Department of Defense entities.

Its signature feature was a massive AN/FRD-10A Circularly Disposed Antenna Array (CDAA)—commonly called a Wullenweber antenna. The system ceased operations on December 31, 1999, and remains abandoned on the grounds of NAVCOMTELSTA Guam, a reminder of the island’s enduring legacy in naval intelligence history.

Sources:
NCVA
navycthistory.com/
cnic.navy.mil/regions/jrm/installations/navbase_guam/about/history.html (no longer valid)