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Early History of the National Reconnaissance Office (4 of 5)

Imaging and Signals Intelligence Space Systems

The major effort within the US satellite reconnaissance program in the 1960s and 1970s featured overhead visual imaging systems, which produced information not obtainable any other way. (CORONA, GAMBIT, and HEXAGON, the early filmbased satellite systems, have already been well documented.) But there were important intelligence questions that could not be answered with pictures alone. The first question involved determining the location and characteristics of Soviet radars that could detect American strategic bombers. The second involved the performance capabilities of Soviet missiles—ICBMs and ABM systems. These two problems led the list of reasons favoring SIGINT satellites that could listen to and record the signals of Soviet radars, radio communications, and telemetry systems.

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Defense Special Missile and Aerospace Center (DEFSMAC) Established, April 27, 1964

DEFSMAC Mission

Although little known to the public at large, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Special Missile and Aerospace Center (DEFSMAC) serves in the forefront of U.S. missile and space intelligence. The Center coordinates the collection of intelligence information on foreign missiles and satellites from the ground, from the sea, and from aerospace based upon intelligence requirements. The Center personnel then analyze the initial collection results and provide intelligence reporting based on the information.

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Space-Based Laser Communications Making Strides

The Space Development Agency and its industry partners are closer to creating interoperable laser communications networks on orbit, experts said recently.

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Pentagon contemplating eventual sunsetting of Link 16 as enthusiasm grows for optical communications

Optical comms networks offer some advantages over RF networks, experts say.

Discussions about the eventual phaseout of Link 16 tactical data links are ongoing as the Pentagon’s Space Development Agency works to build out a network for optical communications, according to a senior official involved in the effort.

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Russia Jams GPS In The Baltic States: Researchers Locate Signal Sources Near Kaliningrad

Polish researchers have finally told the world where Russia is wreaking havoc in the skies and at sea in the Baltic region. Using a network of monitoring stations, they have tracked down the locations of satellite navigation jamming (GNSS) and pointed the finger at Kaliningrad and the St Petersburg area. The resourceful military uses both signal jamming and spoofing, a more sophisticated technique of coordinate spoofing that can make aircraft or ships think they are in a different location on the map altogether.

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Pentagon may put SpaceX at the center of a sensor-to-shooter targeting network

Under this plan, SpaceX’s satellites would play a big role in the Space Force’s kill chain.

The Trump administration plans to cancel a fleet of orbiting data relay satellites managed by the Space Development Agency and replace it with a secretive network that, so far, relies primarily on SpaceX’s Starlink Internet constellation, according to budget documents.

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